"رومان سے رمز تک: انگریزی رومانوی شعری روایت اور جدید اردو شاعری کی جمالیاتی تشکیل"

Abstract

This research article critically examines the influence of English Romantic poetry on Urdu poetry, with particular focus on the continuity of Romantic thought, its relationship with modernism, and the emergence of symbolism in modern Urdu poetry. Romanticism, rooted fundamentally in imagination, emotion, nature, individuality, mystery and aesthetic consciousness, did not disappear with the decline of the nineteenth-century Romantic movement. Rather, its intellectual and aesthetic principles continued to influence subsequent literary movements, including realism, progressivism, modernism, structuralism, post-structuralism and symbolism. The study explores how the poetry of William Blake, William Wordsworth, S. T. Coleridge, Shelley, Keats and Byron established an enduring aesthetic and intellectual legacy that remained influential in twentieth-century English poetry, particularly in the works of T. S. Eliot and other modern poets. It further investigates how these literary developments reached Urdu literature through changing historical, cultural and intellectual circumstances. The article argues that modern Urdu poetry did not merely imitate Western literary movements; instead, it assimilated foreign influences into its own cultural, linguistic and literary traditions. The poetry of Mera Ji, N. M. Rashid, Nasir Kazmi, Munir Niazi and other modern Urdu poets demonstrates how symbolism, alienation, loneliness, psychological conflict and estrangement from nature became important modes of expressing modern experience. The study also considers the impact of scientific thought, industrialization, commercialization and globalization on literary consciousness. Ultimately, it concludes that Romanticism remains relevant because human emotion, imagination and aesthetic consciousness continue to constitute essential dimensions of literary expression.