شیخ محمد الامین الہرریؒ کا تفسیری و اصولی منہج: تفسیر 'حدائق الروح والریحان' کا ایک تحقیقی جائزہ (سورۃ الفاتحہ اور سورۃ البقرہ کی ابتدائی 105 آیات کی روشنی میں)

"The Exegetical and Juristic Methodology of Shaykh Muhammad al-Amin al-Harari: A Research Study of Hada'iq al-Ruh wa al-Rayhan (In Light of Surah al-Fatihah and the surah al baqara 105 ayat)

Abstract

The Qur'an serves as the ultimate source of divine guidance and legislation in Islam. Classical and contemporary exegetes have consistently employed the principles of Usul al-Fiqh (Islamic Jurisprudence) and juristic maxims to derive legal rulings and uncover the divine intent behind the verses. This article presents an analytical study of the exegetical and juristic methodology of the contemporary Shafi'i scholar, Shaykh Muhammad al-Amin ibn Abdullah al-Harari al-Alawi (d. 2016), as reflected in his monumental 33-volume exegesis, Hada'iq al-Ruh wa al-Rayhan fi Rawabi 'Ulum al-Qur'an. The study specifically focuses on the first 105 verses encompassing Surah al-Fatihah and Surah al-Baqarah.

The primary objective of this research is to identify, categorize, and analyze the jurisprudence principles and legal maxims utilized by Shaykh al-Harari, examining how he applies them to derive legal rulings within the Shafi'i framework

The analysis reveals that Hada'iq al-Ruh wa al-Rayhan functions not merely as a work of tafsir, but as a comprehensive juristic encyclopedia. Within these opening 105 verses alone, the Shaykh seamlessly integrates over 30 foundational juristic principles. Prominent examples include:

• Al-Asl fi al-Ashya' al-Ibahah (The principle of original permissibility), applied in the narrative of the cow [2:67–71].
• Al-'Ibrah bi 'Umum al-Lafz la bi Khusus al-Sabab (Consideration of the generality of the wording rather than the specificity of the cause), as demonstrated in "Hudal-lil-Muttaqin" [2:2].
• La Ijtihad ma'a al-Nass (The negation of ijtihad in the presence of a clear text).
• Sadd al-Dhara'i (Blocking the means to evil), derived from verse.
• Fath al-Dhara'i ila al-Khayr (Facilitating the means to good), applied in verse.

The study concludes that Shaykh al-Harari harmoniously weaves together linguistic, rhetorical, and legal analyses. By embedding juristic benefits after the commentary of each verse, he presents a unique contemporary model for deriving rulings directly from the Qur'anic text. This research contributes significantly to the understanding of modern Shafi'i exegesis and the practical application of Usul al-Fiqh in contemporary tafsir literature.