جدید سفارت کاری کا اسلامی اور قانونی نظام: ویانا کنونشن 1961ء کے تناظر میں ایک تحقیقی و تجزیاتی مطالعہ

Abstract

Diplomacy has become one of the most significant instruments for maintaining peaceful relations among states and promoting international cooperation in the contemporary world. The legal framework governing diplomatic relations is primarily regulated by the Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations (1961), which codifies the rights, privileges, immunities, and responsibilities of diplomatic missions and representatives. Alongside this international legal framework, Islamic teachings, particularly the principles derived from Fiqh al-Siyar, provide a comprehensive and ethical foundation for diplomatic engagement, emphasizing justice, mutual respect, peaceful coexistence, fulfillment of treaties, and protection of diplomatic envoys. This study aims to examine the Islamic and legal dimensions of modern diplomacy through an analytical review of the Vienna Convention of 1961 and relevant principles of Islamic jurisprudence. Using a qualitative and analytical research methodology, the study explores the fundamental principles of modern diplomacy, diplomatic immunities, the legal status of diplomatic missions, and the role of international legal norms, while comparing them with the diplomatic practices established during the Prophetic era and the early Islamic state. The study concludes that many of the principles embodied in the Vienna Convention correspond substantially with the ethical and legal foundations laid down by Islamic law centuries earlier. It further argues that integrating Islamic diplomatic values with contemporary international legal standards can contribute to strengthening peaceful international relations, enhancing mutual trust among states, and promoting justice in global diplomacy.