ریاست نبویﷺ: اسلامی سیاسی نظم کی بنیادیں

Prophetic State: Political Foundations of Islamic Order

Abstract

This article explores the foundations of the Islamic political order as established by Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ), tracing its roots from the Makkan period to its practical realization in Madinah. The study argues that the foundations of the Prophetic State were laid during the Makkan era through the cultivation of faith, moral discipline, social responsibility, and a distinct collective identity among Muslims. The Makkan phase served as a preparatory stage that shaped the ideological and ethical framework necessary for state formation. Following the Hijrah, these principles were translated into a functional political system in Madinah based on justice, consultation (Shūrā), rule of law, accountability, and the protection of human rights. The article further examines the significance of the Constitution of Madinah, interfaith relations, public welfare, and administrative organization as essential components of the Prophetic model of governance. By analyzing the Qur’an, Sunnah, and early Islamic historical sources, the study demonstrates that the Prophetic State represented a comprehensive and value-based political order whose principles continue to offer guidance for contemporary governance and political thought.