الكنايات النفسية والخلقية في القرآن الكريم بين الدلالة البلاغية والترجمة البشتونية: دراسة تطبيقية مقارنة على ترجمتي "تعليم القرآن" و"أفضل التراجم"

Psychological and Ethical Metonymies in the Holy Qur’an: Rhetorical Dimensions and Their Rendering into Pashto — A Comparative Applied Study of the Taʿlīm al-Qurʾān and Afdal al-Tarājim Translations

Abstract

This study investigates psychological and ethical metonymies in the Holy Qur’an and explores their rhetorical and artistic dimensions, highlighting their role in portraying inner emotions and moral values through vivid sensory imagery. It also aims to evaluate the extent to which two Pashto translations, Ta‘līm al-Qur’ān and Afdal al-Tarājim, succeed in conveying the metonymic meanings and preserving their psychological and ethical implications. The study employs a descriptive, analytical, and comparative approach by examining selected Qur’anic verses containing psychological and ethical metonymies, analyzing them in the light of classical exegetical and rhetorical sources, and comparing their renderings in the two Pashto translations. The findings reveal that Qur’anic metonymy performs profound rhetorical and aesthetic functions that transcend literal meanings and produce emotional and educational effects. The study also demonstrates that Ta‘līm al-Qur’ān is generally more successful in preserving the psychological and ethical dimensions and rhetorical intentions of the Qur’anic text, whereas Afdal al-Tarājim tends, in several cases, toward literal translation that conveys the surface image without adequately reflecting its emotional and moral implications. The study concludes that translating Qur’anic metonymy into other languages requires balancing fidelity to the original text with preserving its rhetorical and psychological impact, and that moderate explanatory translation is more effective in conveying the spirit of Qur’anic expression than purely literal translation.