فقہ جعفری کا تعارف، اصولِ اجتہاد، منہج اور مکاتب

Abstract

The Ja'fari School of Islamic jurisprudence occupies a significant position in the development of Islamic legal thought, particularly within the Shi'a intellectual tradition. Distinguished by its reliance on the Qur'an, the Sunnah of the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) as transmitted through the Ahl al-Bayt, reason ('Aql), and scholarly consensus (Ijma'), the Ja'fari legal methodology presents a comprehensive framework for deriving legal rulings. This article examines the historical evolution of Ja'fari Fiqh, its foundational principles of Ijtihad, methodological approaches, and its major scholarly traditions and schools. It further explores the distinctive features that differentiate the Ja'fari methodology from other Islamic legal schools while highlighting areas of convergence within the broader Islamic legal heritage. Through an analytical and comparative approach, the study evaluates the contribution of Ja'fari jurisprudence to contemporary Islamic legal discourse and its relevance in addressing modern socio-legal challenges. The article concludes that the Ja'fari school represents a dynamic and intellectually rich legal tradition whose principles of reasoning and interpretation continue to play an important role in the development of Islamic jurisprudence in the contemporary world.