جنگ عظیم اول کا خاتمہ اور معاصرے اسلامی دنیا کی جغرافیائی تقسیم کا تجزیاتی مطالعہ

Abstract

The end of the First World War (1914–1918) marked a decisive turning point in world history and fundamentally transformed the political and geographical landscape of the Islamic world. The collapse of the Ottoman Empire, which had long served as a symbol of political unity for many Muslims, created a power vacuum that enabled the victorious European powers to redraw the map of the Middle East and other Muslim-majority regions in accordance with their strategic and colonial interests. Through agreements such as the Sykes–Picot Agreement and the implementation of the Mandate System under the League of Nations, new territorial boundaries were established that often disregarded historical, ethnic, religious, and cultural realities. These developments laid the foundation for numerous political disputes, sectarian divisions, border conflicts, and governance challenges that continue to influence the contemporary Islamic world.

This article presents an analytical study of the geopolitical consequences of the First World War, with particular emphasis on the territorial fragmentation of Muslim lands and its enduring political, social, and ideological implications. It examines the motives behind the colonial restructuring of the region, the emergence of modern nation-states, and the decline of transnational Islamic political authority. Furthermore, the study evaluates how externally imposed borders and colonial administrative policies contributed to regional instability, identity crises, and prolonged conflicts. By employing a historical and analytical approach, the article argues that many of the contemporary geopolitical challenges facing the Islamic world are deeply rooted in the post-war settlement and the reconfiguration of its political geography. The study concludes that a comprehensive understanding of these historical transformations is essential for interpreting present-day regional dynamics and for developing informed perspectives on peace, stability, and cooperation within the Muslim world.