عصر نبوی ﷺ کی ادارتی تنظیم اور پشتون معاشرے (قبائلی اضلاع) میں اس کا تطبیقی جائزہ

Institutional Organization in the Prophetic Era and the Pashtun Tribal System: A Comparative and Analytical Study

Abstract

The study explores the structural and functional dimensions of the informal institutions of pre-Islamic Arabia such as Dar al-Nadwah, Siqāyah, Rifādah, ‘Arafah, Naqābah, Sidānah, Imārah, and other institution. It also examines the institutional reforms introduced by the Holy Prophet (S.A.W) within these structures, along with the organizations established during the early Islamic period, both before and after the formation of the State of Madinah, which collectively laid the foundation of a comprehensive state system. By employing a comparative and ethnographic approach, the research analyses the institutional parallels between the Prophetic Era and the Pashtun tribal institutions, particularly Jirga, Mashari, Marakah, Badragah, and systems of reconciliation and public welfare. Consequently, provides a comparative and analytical study between the institutional framework in Prophetic era, including pre-Islamic informal and the institutional reforms introduced by our beloved prophet (S.A.W), and the Pashtun tribal system, including Jirga, Mashari, Marakah, Badragah, and mechanisms of Sulh (reconciliation) and Nanawāte (seeking pardon). It identifies both similarities and differences between the two systems, particularly in leadership, consultation (Shura), justice, and social welfare, emphasizing how the Prophetic model offers a timeless paradigm adaptable to tribal contexts.