عصرِ حاضر میں ویٹیکن کی بین المذاہب پالیسیوں کا اسلامی تناظر میں تحقیقی و تنقیدی جائزہ

A RESEARCH AND CRITICAL EVALUATION OF CONTEMPORARY VATICAN INTERFAITH POLICIES FROM AN ISLAMIC PERSPECTIVE

Abstract

This study presents a research-based and critical examination of the Vatican’s contemporary interfaith policies through the lens of Islamic thought. In an age marked by increasing religious diversity, globalization, and intercultural interaction, interfaith dialogue has emerged as a significant instrument for promoting mutual understanding, peaceful coexistence, and global cooperation. The Vatican, particularly since the Second Vatican Council, has played a prominent role in developing and institutionalizing interfaith engagement with various religious communities, including the Muslim world. This research explores the theoretical foundations, historical evolution, objectives, and practical manifestations of Vatican interfaith initiatives while assessing their compatibility with Islamic teachings and principles. The study further analyzes Muslim–Catholic dialogue, collaborative forums, peace-building efforts, and initiatives related to religious tolerance and human fraternity. Particular attention is given to the Islamic perspective on interfaith relations as derived from the Qur’an, Sunnah, Islamic theology, and classical juristic discourse. The research also critically evaluates key issues such as religious pluralism, salvation theology, the interaction between religious and political interests, and the concerns expressed by contemporary Muslim scholars regarding interfaith engagement. In addition, the study examines the opportunities and challenges that characterize current Vatican–Muslim relations, including their potential contribution to global peace, counter-extremism efforts, human rights advocacy, and constructive coexistence. The findings suggest that Islam encourages dialogue, justice, and peaceful interaction with followers of other faiths while maintaining clear theological boundaries rooted in the doctrines of Tawḥīd and Prophethood. Consequently, meaningful interfaith cooperation is considered both possible and beneficial when it serves common humanitarian objectives without compromising essential religious beliefs and identities. The study concludes that a balanced approach combining theological integrity with constructive engagement offers the most viable framework for future Vatican–Muslim relations.