اُصولی لغوی قواعداور باعتبار وضع نظم کی تقسیم: فکر سرسیدوپرویزکااختصاصی مطالعہ

Usūlī Linguistic Principles and Their Classification According to Textual Structure (Nazm): A Specialized Study of the Thought of Sir Syed and Parvez

Abstract

This study examines the significance of linguistic principles (Qawāʿid Lughawiyyah Uṣūliyyah) in understanding and interpreting the Qur’an, particularly through their classification based on the structure of textual formulation (nazm). Developed by classical scholars of Islamic jurisprudence, these principles provide a systematic framework for deriving meaning and legal rulings from divine texts. The research focuses on the four key categories recognized by Ḥanafī scholars: khāṣ (specific), ʿāmm (general), mushtarak (homonymous), and muʾawwal (interpreted), explaining their definitions and legal implications. It further analyzes how these principles guide exegetes and jurists in resolving ambiguity and ensuring consistency in interpretation. A central aspect of the study is the critical evaluation of the interpretive approaches of Sir Syed Ahmad Khan and Ghulam Ahmad Parvez, highlighting instances where their rationalist interpretations depart from established linguistic rules and classical consensus. Such deviations are identified as examples of tafsīr bi’l-raʾy al-madhmūm (blameworthy interpretation based on personal opinion). The study concludes that adherence to these principles is essential for preserving the authenticity and coherence of Qur’anic exegesis.