اسلام اور سکھ مت میں سماجی خدمت کے مذہبی و اخلاقی محرکات کا تقابلی جائزہ

Comparative Study of the Religious and Ethical Motivations of Social Service in Islam and Sikhism

Abstract

This study presents a comparative and analytical examination of the religious and ethical motivations for social service in Islam and Sikhism. The research aims to explore how both traditions conceptualize service to humanity, the underlying theological and moral foundations, and their practical manifestations in society. A qualitative and comparative research methodology has been employed, drawing upon primary sources including the Qur’an, Hadith literature, and the Guru Granth Sahib, along with relevant secondary academic sources. In Islam, social service is regarded as a religious obligation and an act of worship, grounded in the concepts of divine accountability, reward in the Hereafter, and obedience to Shariah. Institutional frameworks such as Zakat, Sadaqah, and Waqf provide structured mechanisms for welfare and redistribution of resources. In contrast, Sikhism emphasizes Seva (selfless service) as a central spiritual and ethical practice rooted in humility, equality, and devotion to God. The practice of Langar serves as a prominent example of communal welfare, ensuring free and equal access to food for all individuals regardless of social, religious, or economic background. The findings reveal that both religions share significant common values, including compassion, altruism, social justice, and human dignity. However, they differ in their motivational frameworks and institutional structures: Islam presents a more formalized, law-based system of welfare, whereas Sikhism promotes voluntary, community-centered service. The study concludes that these shared ethical principles can contribute to promoting interfaith harmony, strengthening social cohesion, and addressing contemporary global social challenges such as poverty and inequality.