Divine Unity in Sikhism and Islam: A Comparative Study

Abstract

The doctrine of Divine Unity stands as the metaphysical cornerstone of both Islamic theology and Sikh philosophy. In Islam, the concept of Tawḥīd represents the absolute oneness and uniqueness of God, forming the foundation of all theological, legal, and ethical structures. In Sikhism, the principle of Ik Onkar similarly affirms the unity, transcendence, and immanence of the Divine, rejecting all forms of multiplicity and idolatry. This article undertakes a comparative theological analysis of Divine Unity as articulated in the Holy Qur’ān and the Guru Granth Sahib, supplemented by insights from Islamic Sufi traditions. Through textual hermeneutics and philosophical inquiry, the study explores convergences and divergences in the conceptualization of God’s unity, attributes, and relationship with creation. The findings reveal that while doctrinal formulations differ, both traditions converge on a monotheistic ethos that emphasizes divine singularity, moral accountability, and spiritual equality.