غزوات نبوی صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم کے بارے میں روایات حدیث کا اسنادی تجزیہ: کتب اربعہ کا اختصاصی مطالعہ

Isnād Analysis of Narrations Regarding the Prophetic Battles (Ghazawāt): A Specialized Study of the Four Canonical Hadith Collections

Abstract

This research article presents a comprehensive isnād (chain of transmission) analysis of the narrations concerning the prophetic military expeditions (ghazawāt) as found in the six canonical hadith collections (Kutub al-Sittah). The study examines the narrations related to key battles—including Badr, Uḥud, Khaybar, Ḥunayn, and Tabūk—focusing on the topics of war booty (ghanīmah), the treatment of prisoners, the etiquettes of warfare, and the status of martyrdom. By analyzing the chains of transmission and the methodologies of the traditionists (muḥaddithūn), the study assesses the authenticity levels of these narrations across the six books. The findings reveal that the strongest narrations are concentrated in Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī and Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim, particularly concerning the battles of Badr and Khaybar. Furthermore, the research highlights the evolutionary nature of the rulings on booty distribution and the varying degrees of authenticity among narrations in the Sunan collections. This study contributes to the field of fiqh al-ḥadīth by providing a nuanced understanding of how prophetic military traditions were preserved, transmitted, and classified by early Islamic scholars.