ریاست اور ضابطہ اخفاء: نظریاتی اور عملی پہلوؤں کا تجزیاتی مطالعہ

THE STATE AND THE PRINCIPLE OF SECRECY: AN INTRODUCTORY AND CRITICAL STUDY

Abstract

The study explores the concept of the state in relation to the principle of secrecy (Ḥifẓ al-Akhfāʾ), examining both historical and theoretical dimensions. It provides a critical analysis of the rules, mechanisms, and ethical considerations associated with confidential governance. By evaluating classical and contemporary interpretations, the research highlights the balance between transparency, security, and public interest in statecraft. The study further investigates the philosophical and jurisprudential foundations of concealment in governance, addressing its implications for political, social, and ethical frameworks. The findings emphasize that the effective application of secrecy within a state requires adherence to moral principles, legitimacy, and societal welfare, offering insights into both historical practice and modern challenges in governance.